Potential Phytoremediator of Native Species in Soils Contaminated by Heavy Metals in the Garbage Dump Quitasol-Imponeda Abancay

Discarding waste in open spaces, commonly called dumps, is highly damaging to the environment. High concentrations of heavy metals are observed, which creates the need to carry out restoration processes in such places. The use of plants for the remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals in the garbage dump, is a strategy. The work was carried out in the garbage dump of Quitasol-Imponeda de Abancay, with three native plant species. The objective was to evaluate the levels of contamination by the heavy metals: lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium and zinc in the waste matrix in root, stem and leaves. A complete factorial design was applied: three species and five treatments with heavy metals, each with two repetitions applied and in three selected plots (A, B, C). The results show that the highest accumulation of zinc, lead and cadmium was obtained in Amaranthus hybridus, with 23.03 parts per million in the root, 5.87 parts per million in the stem and 8.83 parts per million in the leaves, in plots two and three. In Brassica rapa, the highest values of accumulation were recorded for zinc, lead and cadmium in the roots, and showed a decrease in leaf growth and stem thickness. Amaranthus spinosus obtained higher values of zinc accumulation of 24.28 parts per million in the roots and in leaves, zinc 11.63 parts per million, lead 1.74 parts per million and cadmium 0.55 parts per million. It is concluded that the three native species present rapid growth, do not require chemical controls, with absorption of high levels of heavy metals, becoming an alternative for the restoration of the garbage dump, due to its high phytoremediation potential

Multi-Temporal Analysis of the Glacier Retreat Using Landsat Satellite Images in the Nevado of the Ampay National Sanctuary, Peru

Glaciers are humanity\u27s most extraordinary water reservoirs, covering approximately 10% of the total Earth surface. The investigation of the retreat of the glacier surface in the Ampay National Sanctuary is carried out using the historical series of Landsat images and applying the normalized snow differential index between the years 1991 to 2017. The meteorological data from the Tamburco and Abancay stations have been considered to determine the deglaciation and quantify the retreat of the Ampay glacier. The supervised classification spatial visualization method for the Landsat 2 Multispectral Scanner image and the normalized snow differential index have been used to determine the glacier cover area with Landsat 5, Landsat 7, and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor images. The results show a significant decrease in the surface of the Ampay glacier due to the increase in temperature. The surface of the Ampay glacier in 1991 was 2.13 km2 and in 2017 – 1.09 km2, showing a loss of 1.04 km2 (48.92%) as a consequence of significant climate variability (temperature and precipitation). In 2015, an apparent accumulation of snow was recorded on the Ampay glacier, reaching 2.595 km2, but in the following years, the glacier surface has been decreasing until it reached 1.086 km2 in 2017. It is concluded that the glacial retreat of the Ampay National Sanctuary in the last 25 years with a tendency to continuous deglaciation puts the water resource at risk

Quantitative Estimation of Black Carbon in the Glacier Ampay-Apurimac

The presence of light-absorbing particles, including black carbon in glaciers leads to a reduction in albedo (light reflection), leading to further melting of snow ice, increased amount of shortwave solar radiation and leads to the glacier. The objective has been to determine the variation in the temporal space of black carbon, the amount of light-absorbing particles and the decrease of albedo on the surface of the Ampay glacier. 10 snow samples were selected at various locations on the glacier during 2017. The light absorption heating method has been applied to measure light-absorbing particles, a technique that measures the temperature increase of the particle charge in a filter applying visible light that estimates the amount of light energy. The results show in terms of effective black carbon, the highest of 65,224 nanograms of black carbon per gram of water in the month of October and the minimum value of 20,941 nanograms of black carbon per gram of water in the month of February, typically associated with the rain. The energy absorbed by the light-absorbing particles in the Ampay glacier, the highest corresponds to the month of November with 8,952.92 J s/m2 and lowest in February with 2,747.26 J s/m2. In April, the amount of snow melted due to light-absorbing particles has been approximately 13.57 kg/m2. Melting has increased considerably in other months with the largest melting, with a value of 26.65 kg/m2, almost 7.0 kW/m2 of snow turned into water in the month of November. It is concluded that the technique of the Light absorption heating method is adequate because it is optimal for the achievement of the research objectives, it is economical, effective and has allowed quantifying light-absorbing particles in snow

Relationship between the PIHEM model and educational management in pre-school institutions in the district of Abancay Apurimac Peru, 2014

Objetivo. Analizar el modelo PIHEM, de gestión de la calidad en la educación, y su relación con la gestión educativa en instituciones educativas del nivel inicial del distrito de Abancay. Método. Se utilizaron instrumentos de recolección de información validados. Resultados. La gestión educativa hoy se encuentra en un momento dinámico y en medio de debates fundamentales, es indispensable aplicar todos los medios posibles y aprovechar a favor de la educación todo el potencial de todos y cada uno de los agentes que interviene